American Reaction to the French Revolution

The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille on July 14th. From 1790 to 1794, the revolutionaries grew  increasingly radical. Americans were at first enthusiastic in support of the revolution. However, over time divisions of opinion became apparent between federalists and anti-federalists. Divide Between Federalists and Anti-Federalists The anti-federalists in America  led by figures such as Thomas Jefferson were in favor of supporting the revolutionaries in France. They thought the French were imitating the American colonists in their desire for freedom. There was a hope that the French  would win a greater degree of autonomy that resulted in the new Constitution and its strong federal government in the United States. Many anti-federalists rejoiced in every revolutionary victory as news of it reached America. Fashions changed to reflect republican dress in France. The Federalists were not sympathetic to the French Revolution, led by figures such as Alexander Hamilton.  The Hamiltonians  feared mob rule. They were  afraid of egalitarian ideas causing further upheaval at home. European Reaction In Europe, rulers were not necessarily that bothered by what was happening in France at first. However, as the gospel of democracy spread, Austria grew afraid. By 1792, France had declared war on Austria wanting to ensure that it would not try to invade. In addition, revolutionaries wanted to spread their own beliefs to other European countries. As France began to win victories beginning with the Battle of Valmy in September, England and Spain got concerned. Then on January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed. France became emboldened and declared war on England. Thus American could no longer sit back but if they wanted to continue to trade with England and/or France. It had to claim sides or remain neutral. President George Washington chose the course of neutrality, but this would be a difficult tightrope for America to walk. Citizen  Genà ªt In 1792, the French appointed  Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, also known as Citizen  Genà ªt, as the Minister to the United States. There was some question on whether he should be formally received by the US  government. Jefferson felt that  America should support the Revolution which would mean publicly acknowledging  Genà ªt as the legitimate minister to France. Hamilton was against receiving him. Despite Washingtons ties to Hamilton and the Federalists, he decided to receive him. Washington eventually ordered that  Genà ªt be censured and later recalled by France when it was discovered that he had been commissioning privateers to fight for France in its war against Great Britain. Washington had to deal with their previously agreed upon Treaty of Alliance with France that had been signed during the American Revolution. Because of its own claims for neutrality, America could not close its ports to France without appearing to side with Britain. Therefore, even though France was taking advantage of the situation by using American ports to help fight its war against Britain, America was in a difficult place. The Supreme Court eventually helped provide a partial solution by preventing the French from arming privateers in American ports. After this proclamation, it was found that Citizen  Genà ªt had a French-sponsored warship armed and sail from Philadelphia. Washington demanded that he be recalled to France. However, this and other issues with the French fighting the British under the American flag led to increased issues and confrontations with the British. Washington sent John Jay to find a diplomatic solution to the issues with Great Britain. However, the resulting Jays Treaty was quite weak and widely derided. It required the British to abandon forts they still occupied on Americas western frontier. It also created a trading agreement between the two nations. However, it had to give up the idea of freedom of the seas. It also did nothing to stop impressment where the British could force American citizens on captured sailing vessels into service on their own ships. Aftermath In the end, the French Revolution brought the issues of neutrality and how America would deal with belligerent European countries. It also brought unresolved issues with Great Britain to the forefront. Finally, it showed a great divide in the way that federalists and anti-federalists felt about France and Great Britain.

Hiring Process For The Police Workforce - 866 Words

When one is beginning the hiring process for the police workforce, they have to overcome many obstacles that will test their general knowledge, psychological background, physical strength, etc. With each one of those subcategories, there are multiple ways to test each of their reactions. New police officers will have to go through various hours of training and examination of those above them. To start off the hiring process one would be tested on their common sense and general intelligence; following that will be interviews, tests, examinations, and background checks. The first thing the new recruit has to do is pass the â€Å"hurdle process†. The hurdle process is a number of given tests that he/she will have to complete in order to continue with the various other tests. A few of those tests are a personal interview, written aptitude test, a polygraph exam and a voice stress analyzer. The time period of this process is about three months to be completed. Once a general knowledge test, which is a written examination, is completed the police officers will get an insight of what they’re dealing with and how well they will progress while in the academy. There are four categories that would be tested and those include: cognitive tests, personality tests, interest inventories, and biographical data inventories. Once these test have been finished, it s stated that two out of five percent of the recruits will be eliminated for their severe emotional or mental problems. As for theShow MoreRelatedIdentifying Barriers Of Diversity For Law Enfo rcement Agencies1614 Words   |  7 PagesBarriers to Diversity in Law Enforcement Agencies† by Carl F. Matthies, Kirsten M. Keller, and Nelson Lim the issue of diversity in the law enforcement workforce is brought to task. They show through the use of research that law enforcement agencies can do their jobs better if they resemble the population they are supposed to be protecting. 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Impacts in the Developers Selling Land †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Consumer Law Impacts in the Developers Selling Land. Answer: Discussion The Consumer Law has been introduced for the fair trading and provides protection for the consumer. It has enforcement of the laws in the Australian Government and the States and Territories where they monitor the Legislative and Governance Forum according to the implication of Australian Law. The sale or grant of interest in land also controls the Australian Consumer Law through all over the States. The supply or delivery of the financial products or services also covers under the Australian Consumer Law (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). The Australian Consumer Law has important impacts in the developers selling land because it controls the selling and purchasing the land. On the transaction of real estate the Australian Consumer Law has uses their own law of applications which helps to identify the issues in the trade or commerce. The misleading or the deceptive conducts is one of the pat in the Australian Consumer law which applied for the trade or commerce. The application of law of the deceptive conducts also works on the unfair contract terms where the consumer contract has recognized as void in the practice of the trade or commerce purposes. The ACL also provide protection and safety for the consumer goods and product-related services. Therefore the enforcement of information standards is another part which also formed by the ACL. It is actually regulates the consumers for the sale or grant or any interest regarding the acquisition of personal, domestic or household use or consumption. It also regulates consumer guarantees for the sale and goods which includes: The right to sell and deliver the goods of the supplier. The possession which require for the delivery of the goods of the consumer. The goods should be free from every undisclosed securities or charges. The delivered goods should be safe from ay disputes and must acceptable in the appearance and finis. The delivered goods should be according to the description as per the seller. The manufacturer must have proper facilities for repairing the goods. However for the building industry there are varieties of regulation in ACL for associated with the every issue in the building purposes. Under the Australian Consumer law the consumer contract has been made where the contract provides the information regarding the selling and buying of the land for the personal, domestic or household. The Australian Consumer Law set the standards of the contract where a contract has been developed between the developer and an individual for selling any land or goods where a particular standards has been set unless the develop has the right to go to the court (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). Normally any sale contract always introduced according to the standards of contract. According to the standards of contract of Australian Consumer Law when the developer set the agreements or contract the selling agent records every negotiations regarding the selling and purchasing of the land. However the ACL helps to ensure that the consumer can negotiate with the terms when they are selling or purchasing the lands. According to the standards of the contract in ACL defines the both misrepresentation and unfair contract terms (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). Misrepresentation: The misleading or deceptive conducts or misrepresentation in the trade and commercial has been prohibited from the beginning of the Australian Consumer Law. The section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law provides the legislation where the misleading or deceptive conducts are prohibited. The consumers and the developers both can use the legislations of the sec-18 of the consumer law to comply with the business ad every legal proceeding regarding the building business (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The selling agents and business developers are bound to make it sure that the consumers must have knowledge about the practice of the misrepresentation according to the Australian Consumer Law. The developers and the gents must prohibits their staffs from the engaging in the behavior of misleads or deceives. The misrepresentation includes different types of prohibitions according to the Australian Consumer Law (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). Those are: When the developer or the selling agent misleads the client intentionally When the developer or the selling agent intentionally encourage the consumers for a wrong conclusion When developer or the selling agent provides the information which is factually correct but represents false impression When the developer or the selling agent knows the correct information but never correct the misunderstandings. When the developer or the selling agent not updates every information regarding the rules of the Australian Consumer Law. When the developer or the selling agent intentionally not inputs any information regarding the contract with the consumers. When the developer or the selling agent has making false, exaggerated or inaccurate claims in the contract of selling without the knowledge of the client. When the developer or the selling agent stay silent about any disputes on their building material which affect the consumers then it also treated as misrepresentation by them (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The misrepresentation is recognizing as a common law of actions where the false or misleading representations in property transactions is one of the recognize part in the Australian Law. The developers and the every individual are the part of the purchasing or selling the property along with these obligations. The developer, agents and individual both of them are works under these obligations (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). When the misrepresentation is occur at the time of dealing of the sell and purchase the property the sec- 30 of the Australian Consumer Law stated the legislations of prohibits false or misleading conduct in connection with the sale, or possible sale. The statutory position of the misrepresentation of the land purchasing has several impacts which are connected with the sale, or possible sale, of an interest in land (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). Those are: The misconducts sale, or possible sale, of an interest in land is connected when according to the sponsorship, affiliation or approvals of the statement which is depend on the person who is making the decision. According to the nature of the land also depends and applies the law on the statutory position of the misrepresentation. The amount or capital or price has been paying on that particular land. The geographical location of the land also decides the statutory position of any contact (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The owner of the land or the person who belongs to the land or who is capable to use the land by lawfully also depends on the statutory position of the agreements. The existence of the land where it has rights to make the availability regarding the use of the land. However the misrepresentation can be defines in various ways where it shows the existence and establishment such facts can be verbal or written. The misrepresentation only covers those parts where the statement has been stated. It there is any reliance establishes regarding the representation or the detriments are suffered due to the result of the reliance. In the case of Miletich v Murchie (2012) it has been found that the misrepresentation has been established by the verbal representation in accordance with the misleading advertising material. In this case the court has been determined that the disclaimer never release the liability according to the material of the contract (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). Therefore it is the duty of the purchaser to depend only for the representation according to the circumstances. In another case, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission vs. Metricon Homes Qld Pty Ltd [2012] the misrepresentation has been stated in an advertising mate rial. Therefore in the misrepresentation the Build Time Guarantees when are not able to provide the advertised costs. Though not only the developers but also the agents are bound identify the misrepresentation while they involved in the selling and buying. When any false statement or intentional misstatement has stated for a person in the contract then it will recognize as misrepresentation (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). The sec- 18(1) defines that the no one who is engage in the trade or any commerce business never allow to represents any statements which is inappropriate and established a misleading or deceptive conducts in the business (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). According to the Australian Consumer Law the sec- 151 defines the amount of penalty for misrepresentation conducts which amount could be $1,100,000 for a body corporate and $220,000 for individuals (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The ACL has its own significance for the application of the legislation for the developers to sell and purchase the land or property to the consumers. However the developers and agents are using the legislation while they are applying the legislation in the property contracts for making the fair deal (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The ACL applies the legislations to establish a fair reason where they make the consumer contract for the sale or grant of an interest in land according to the position of the land which covers the ownership of the property. The contract of sale has operated under a strata title and land sold off-the-plan according to the standards of the contract (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). In another case of Gough Anor v South Sky Investments Pty Ltd [2011] of the Australian where the Supreme Court of Queensland stated a decision where the importance of the transaction in written contract has been found. In this case the court has found that the purchaser of the land has taken legal actions against the seller or vendor for delivering them a completely different apartment which has no significance according to the written contract (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). Therefore according to the Australian Consumer Law the seller has breach the agreement. According to the agreement the seller should deliver the accurate product to the purchaser but he failed to deliver the product. It is one of the examples of the misrepresentations (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). Unfair Contract Terms: The Australian Consumer law defines the structures of the application of the unfair contract terms in the consumer contract with the developers in the property contract. The unfair contract terms define the standards where void contract terms has been establishes. The void contract represents the unfair treatments only when the individual parties are require to have services or products which are wholly or predominantly for personal or related with the household uses. For the set of the standards of the contracts the Australian Consumer Law has introduced several terms which represents the unfair contract terms. In the bargaining power the party or the consumer has more power to negotiate the transactions (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). The contract preparation depends when the both of the party prepared for the negotiation process. When the parties are bound to accept the terms of the contract to take it or leave it. The parties have the opportunities to negotiate the contrac t which will be effective for the building contract (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). They also looks for the proper transactions according to the contract. According to the Australian Consumer law legislations the matters only prescribed according to the regulations (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). Therefore there are certain terms are represents the significance whether the terms are fair or unfair in the consumer contracts. The Australian Consumer Law defines various examples where the unfair terms have been described (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). It may include: To terminate or vary the consumer contract. The price will depend according to the capability of the buyer to terminate the contract according to the contract law. The characteristic or the implication of terms are also depends on the property which will be sold to the buyer. The unilaterally interpretation on the contracts which may breach or not. The establishment of the meaning also depends on the unilaterally interpretation for the unfair agreements. The terms also prepare the rights to make allegations to one party to another party. When the terms of the contracts have been breached then it will also recognize as the unfair terms of the contracts. For the determination of the unfair terms the Australian Consumer Law has set the terms which are considered by the court (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). According to the transparency of the contract terms like the formation of the contract whether it has been written in English with proper meaning and the structures of the contracts. The contracts terms only represent the fair terms when the parties mutually confirm the price in the contract. The fair terms also defines when it describes the subject matter of the contract according to the requirements which are permitted or have accesses according to the Australian Consumer Law (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). In the case of Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd (2007) the unfair terms has been conducted due to the breach if the contract terms. It has been found that the parties always have some common intention where they understand the context of the terms in the contract but failed to serve according to the terms. The unfair terms has been conducted only for the breach of the terms (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). In the Qin v Smith (No. 2) [2013] case it has been found that breach of contract justifying termination, and anticipatory breach according to the settlement of the purchaser and the seller of the said property (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). Nowadays, the developers are trying to minimize the challenges in the purchasing and selling the lands regarding the use of the terms under the contracts. They all first try to check all the terms regarding the balance and paying the attention on the unilateral rights to the seller. The reviewing the terms and proceed according to the court rules where both party will have the riht to negotiate the terms according to the relevant contractual context. They also review the terms for maximizing the prospects of the process of the court where they need t provide proper justification for the terms and considers every incorporating outlines and acknowledged the matters. The developers also review the terms and operate according to the detriment of the other party (Consumerlaw.gov.au, 2017). When a term has been considered in the favor of the seller, there must have other presences of the legitimate interest for the identification f the contract. Therefore the consideration is mandatory for the future disclosures according to the application of the legislations and the rules of the Australian Consumer Law (Corones Christensen and Howell 2016). References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Metricon Homes Qld Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 797 (Metricon) Butler, D., Christensen, S., Willmott, L. and Dixon, B., 2013. Contract Law Case Book. Consumerlaw.gov.au. (2017). Australian Consumer Law. [online] Available at: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/ [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Corones, S.G., Christensen, S.A. and Howell, N., 2016. Submission to Australian Consumer Law Review Issues Paper. Evans, P., 2017. The building and construction industry code of conduct (WA). Brief, 44(6), p.22. Gough Anor v South Sky Investments Pty Ltd [2011] QSC 361 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Latimer, P., 2016. Protecting Consumers from Unfair Contract Terms: Australian Comparisons. McKendrick, E., 2014. Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Miletich v Murchie [2012] FCA 1013 Pearson, G., 2017. Further challenges for Australian consumer law. In Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development (pp. 287-305). Springer, Cham. Pty Ltd (2007) 233 CLR 115 Qin v Smith (No. 2) [2013] VSC 476 Smith, N., 2015. Intellectual property: Misleading and deceptive conduct: When copying is not enough. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (11), p.76. Smith, N., 2016. Intellectual property: In the world of google adwords, is your competitor's trade mark fair game?. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (23), p.90. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C. and Matthew, A., 2015. Australian Commercial Law. Cambridge University Press.

Why My CEO Under 30 Can Beat Your Baby Boomer CEO

Marketing and Internal Marketing Audit Essay

Marketing and Internal Marketing Audit Essay Marketing and Internal Marketing Audit Essay Business and the Business Environment FC009 Summer 2013 The Marketing Plan Below you will find the heading for a framework to aid you in preparing the group coursework report. It is strongly recommended that you read the course text-book, the recommended supplementary book list and any relevant academic/professional resources in order to learn about the marketing planning process and framework in more detail, as the information included here is meant to serve as an introduction/overview only. The Marketing Plan (proposed specifications) 1. Executive Summary The executive summary describes the report’s objectives, major findings in relation to the analysis of the market, and strategic recommendations. It is designed to provide a busy reader with the major issues contained in the report. The executive summary allows the reader to gain insight to key outcomes without having to read all of the report. Bullet-points can be used to present the key points in the executive summary. 2. Business and industry background A brief description of what your company is about and what is planning to do accompanied by a description of the relevant industry for your business. 3. Environmental Scanning The environmental scanning is an essential part of the marketing plan as it based on auditing the external and the internal marketing environment of a business. It is a systematic examination of a business marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities, with a view to identifying key strategic issues, problem areas, and opportunities. It provides the basis upon which a plan of action to improve marketing performance can be built. The external marketing audit focuses on the macro-environment and the micro-environment (mainly customer analysis and competitor analysis) of your business. The internal marketing audit focuses on the activities and performance of the company in the light of the external marketing environment. You are not expected to present a lengthy discussion of these issues in your group project, as you are using a fictitious company and the only information you have on the company derives from the scenario. It is expected that SWOT analysis will provide you a good basis to evaluate the strategic position of the business by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In relation to the internal marketing audit, the SWOT analysis provides a simple method of synthesizing the results of the marketing audit by summarizing the company’s strengths and weaknesses as they relate to external opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses will derive from the analysis of the internal marketing audit and micro-environment.

PEST Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PEST - Assignment Example . The democratic political setting in the country and for its neighbours has an impact of peace and confidence that the system can assure to investors. The cost of business operations are largely determined by free economic forces of demand and supply, since democratic establishments do not interfere with market forces. Business is also favoured by the fact that extra costs incurred during political unrest occasioned by political instabilities are not a factor in the country. Government policies that directly influence business operations are targeted at making Singapore achieve a major stake in Asian economy. For instance, judicial system which may act as an indicator of investor security was ranked one of the best in Asia in 2008. A survey in the year placed Singapore ahead of major economies such as Japan and China. Heavy judicial penalties that include corporal punishment and death sentences are imposed on defaulters of established business practices, sending pleasant and protective signals to investors. However, Amnesty International and other human rights bodies have continually criticised these penalties. Information on taxation and foreigners’ ownership of property in Singapore is yet to be determined for a clearer political picture. Foreign policies adopted by Singapore have established cordial relations with the United Nations, Commonwealth as ASEAN movements. Business relations with almost the entire world are therefore facilitated in Singapore foreign relations framework. The strategic roles played by Singapore in international treaties and forums have enabled a good business environment to be established with its counterparts. A good example is the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, whose secretariat is located in Singapore position it at an important economic advantage. According to recent Government Monitor (2010), economic dip did not affect the

Managerial Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerial Report - Case Study Example But there is one more chance that he would counter offer another reduced amount of 600,000 (probability of 0.5) If john takes the case to court it may happen that court award him with damages of $1,500,000 (probability of 0.3) and may award $750,000 (probability of 0.5). There is also one more chance that he would not be given even a single penny (probability of 0.2). Detailed analysis of the above situation suggest that according to the given probabilities of the all the situations option of offering john $400,000 would be beneficial because there are chances that he may accept this offer actual outflow may range from $0 to $1,500,000. But chances of both are very low. Event of high chances are payment of $750,000 (which is equal in outflow of 1st option) and payment of $600,000 (which is lower than the first option). Other results may be payment of $400,000 (again lower than first option) zero payment (most favorable event in this whole situation) and payment of $1,500,000 (most disastrous situation). Except this last situation all the other options are beneficial. Although first option is safe and result in an outflow of $750,000 but there are no chances that allied would pay any other amount bigger than this. But option 2 is little risky as it can result in a payment of bigger amount of $1,500,000. But as result of all probabilities is also less than the amount of 1st option therefore it seems worthwhile