Critique of Tyler and Wiggins - 2087 Words

In his book Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, Ralph Tyler outlines four critical components of curriculum that may serve as a guide to the creation of curriculum as well as a tool for the analysis and interpretation of curriculum. The four basic components consist of educational purposes (or objectives), educational experiences (or learning activities), organization, and evaluation (Tyler, 1949, p. 1). While Tyler does speak to each of these four components, nearly half of the book is devoted to the section on objectives. For Tyler, the objectives are the starting point in the development of the curriculum and the cornerstone upon which the rest of the curriculum is shaped. Given the shifts that have occurred in education†¦show more content†¦My critique, based on time and resources, of Tyler’s objectives, leads directly into my next critique of this particular section. Let’s assume that it is possible to conduct all of the research and studi es that Tyler suggests. I then wonder, is this information more appropriately used for the development of objectives, as Tyler suggests, or for the development of learning activities and enrichments? Tyler speaks frequently of student interests. He suggests that â€Å"children’s interests must be identified so that they can serve as the focus of educational attention† (Tyler, 1949, p.10). I agree with Tyler on this point, yet I think that this information is better used in the development of learning activities than it is for the creation of objectives. Take, for example, Tyler’s example of the sixty percent of boys in a ninth grade class that only read comic strips outside of school. With this information, I think it is more likely that a teacher will create a learning activity that reigns in this interest than it is that the objective will be changed. This ninth grade class made up of mostly boys interested in comic strips may still have the same object ive as the ninth grade class made up of mostly girls who enjoy reading CosmoGirl magazine, but the teachers could do different activities to accomplish the same objectives. The first class may createShow MoreRelatedBasic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction by Ralph Tyler2041 Words   |  9 PagesRalph Tyler outlines four critical components of curriculum that may serve as a guide to the creation of curriculum as well as a tool for the analysis and interpretation of curriculum. The four basic components consist of educational purposes (or objectives), educational experiences (or learning activities), organization, and evaluation (Tyler, 1949, p. 1). While Tyler does speak to each of these four components, nearly half of the book is devoted to the section on objectives. For Tyler, the objectivesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespp. 513–563. 48. B. J. Hoffman, C. A. Blair, J. P. Maeriac, and D. J. Woehr, â€Å"Expanding the Criterion Domain? A Quantitative Review of the OCB Literature,† Journal of Applied Psychology 92, no. 2 (2007), pp. 555–566. 49. S. L. Blader and T. R. Tyler, â€Å"Testing and Extending the Group Engagement Model: Linkages Between Social Identity, Procedural Justice, Economic Outcomes, and Extrarole Behavior,† Journal of Applied Psychology 94, no. 2 (2009), pp. 445–464. 50. D. S. Chiaburu and D. A. Harrison

Relationship Between Income Inequality And Financial...

Financial development boosts economic growth have been shown by the increasing number of scholars, however whether the financial sector development could benefits the income distribution is still controversial. Under this question, this essay try to use statistically method to explore the relationship between income inequality and financial sector development. This essay’s results present that inequality decreases as financial development. Although there are some weak evidence suggests that there is an inverted U shaped linkage between income distribution and financial development. 2.A review of theoretical discussion 2.1 Earlier analysis Schumpeter (1934) points that finance have many functions which are significant in economic growth and other areas development, for example, risk management, project evaluation, saving increase. The connection between the operation of the financial sector and economic growth has been one of the most heavily researched topics in development economics. There are convincing arguments that financial sector development plays a pivotal role in facilitating economic growth. In the period of mercantilism, mercantilists think that currency is the treasure, therefore the increase of currency is equal to the economic growth. In 1912 joseph alois schumpeter, a highly acclaimed economist, published a book entitled the theory of economic development that assessed that the impact of financial variables, for instance currency, interests, credit and loan,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Financial Development On Society s Inequality Gap931 Words   |  4 PagesNardi (2006) argue that financial developme nt is beneficial to the individuals who have higher ability to make investment and then become the entrepreneurs. In contrast, the individuals who are relatively more common could not make human investment and then become the workers. Therefore, the whole society’s inequality gap will be widen. Maurer and Haber (2003) suggest that in the process of financial liberalization and financial deepening, the financing channels for low income people are not have effectivelyRead MoreImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pageslevels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural poverty index jumped from 28.3 percent in 1980 to 48 percent in 2000. Also, the 2010 Human Development Report on Nigeria’s Multidimensional PovertyRead MoreA Brief Note On Financial Development And Inequality Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial Development and Inequality in sub-Saharan Africa The relationship between how developed a countries’ industry is and how much financial inequality persists within that country are not linear across the world. Many countries within Africa have developed numerous industries with only a small percentage of countries showing modest gains in levels of inequality. Through the analysis of 10 research papers and articles this hypothesis is supported with empirical examples. The result also confirmsRead MoreGlobalization and Human Welfare1656 Words   |  7 Pagesneoliberal globalization. The main organizations for carrying out free trade are World Trade Organization (WTO) established on 1995, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB). The main aim was to promote development and trade. Trade has become the lens through which development is perceived, rather than the other way round . The concept of trade evolved right from Adam Smith and David Ricardo who introduced the concept of comparative advantage which compares th e productiveness across countriesRead MoreEconomic Development Of The Egyptian Economy Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesspending on education in Egypt, where the government has shouldered heavy financial burdens, did this investment spending reach its planned and desired goals? And what are the changes that have been made in the Egyptian economy as a response to this investment spending? This section will try to find answers to these questions. 4.1 Quality of Labor-Force and the Process of Economic Development Any successful economic development process is based on maximizing the utilization of available domesticRead MoreUnequal Distribution of Wealth Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with wealth distribution. I will explain how resource distribution contributes to an area’s economic growth. I will also discuss varying ways to measure wealth within and between countries and define and explain the three sectors of the economy. The United States has not seen such staggering figures between the wealthy and the poor since the great depression. In my opinion, many of our countries problems stem from the unequal distribution of wealth. Wealth is unequally distributedRead MoreDeveloping Countries And Its Effects On Economic Growth1436 Words   |  6 Pagespoverty. Estimates of these studies are that a 10 percent increase in a country’s average income will reduce the poverty rate by 20 to 30 percent. Specific studies done in 14 separate countries in the 1990s showed that poverty fell in 11 countries that experienced significant economic growth and rose in the 3 countries with stagnant growth. For these countries, on average a 1 percent increase in per capita income reduced poverty by 1.7 percent. India has experienced economic growth over the last twoRead MoreEconomic Growth And Inequality Of Opportunity1672 Words   |  7 PagesIDPM60711: Economic Development Theoretical link between economic growth and inequality of opportunity ‘The case of the Arab Spring’ Word count: 1654 Introduction Global discourse around the issue of growing inequality and specifically inequality of opportunity has come to the fore in recent years driven by violent public action witnessed in the spring of 2011. A little southern town in Tunisia known as Sidi Bouzoid in December 2010 took global centre stage in the push for economic emancipationRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy1572 Words   |  7 Pagesto growing integration between economies. The main cause behind this growth has been globalization. There can be various definitions of globalization according to different aspects like economic activities, political, technological, cultural interactions. It brings the countries closer to each other and make them more interrelated through providing unrestrained trade and financial exchange. The process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communicationRead MorePoverty in Thailand12606 Words   |  51 Pages2002 Asian Development Bank ERD Working Paper No. 8 POVERTY, GROWTH, AND INEQUALITY IN THAILAND Anil B. Deolalikar April 2002 Anil Deolalikar is Professor of Economics and of International Studies at the University of Washington. This paper stems from RETA 5923: Pro-poor Growth and Institutional Constraints to Poverty Reduction in DMCs. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the Asian Development Bank. 21

Influence Of Television On Children And Teenager Essay Example For Students

Influence Of Television On Children And Teenager Essay Children and TelevisionThe children of America spend their time on many different activities. One of the most time consuming activities is watching television. Televisionplays a large role in the social and emotional development of children today. One good quality that television has is that it conveys information andhappenings around the world that they may not otherwise know about, but somepeople have been questioning whether television does more harm than good. Manyhave been analyzing what affect violence in adult shows as well as childrensshows may have on children. Most parents allow their children to watch so called kids showswithout even thinking about what might be contained within them. How many timeshas a certain hunter been seen hunting a certain wascally wabbit? Most peoplewould say how can a cartoon about a man hunting affect a child? At first itmay seem that it has no effect, but, looking closer, it is easy to see that BugsBunny has many human traits. Two of these traits are speaking English andwalking upright. Something else that adds to this is that sometimes childrencannot make the distinction between fantasy and reality. Quickly a cartoonabout a man hunting a rabbit can turn into a story of murder.Another cartooncharacter that may harm children is Yosimite Sam. When he becomes angry, hebegins to fire his pair of guns into the air and at other characters. Thiscould cause children to act violently to appease their anger. This includeshitting and throwing things. This is an extreme view of the situation, but whois to say that at least part of it is not true?Children see violence everyday in their cartoons, but what about showsthat they watch in which people star. These shows will more than likely causemore violence than cartoons would. While watching a show such as MightyMorphin Power Rangers a child sees almost 30 minutes of non-stop fighting. Theshow also has a fantasy story that appeals to children. After watching the show,a child may become bored because the reality of the television show is moreinteresting. The child then imitates what was seen on television. This iswhere the actual violence may begin. Adult shows and movies that are seen bychildren could have even worse effects than childrens shows. In one documentedcase, a Californian boy that was seven years old watched a movie one night. Inthe movie, a man put glass into soup that a colleague of his was to eat. Thevery next night, the boy put crushed glass into the stew that his family was toeat for supper. He said that he wanted to know if it would do the same thing inreal life that it did on television. The danger with violence on televisionbegins with imitation and escalates with experimentation. This is an extremecase, but it is a case. Television violence is a major problem in our society. Some people areworking to end it, others are simply ignoring it, hoping that will somehow goaway, and some people are trying to tell America that what a child sees on TVwill not affect him. We must work to eliminate the problem now. Watchingcartoons on television may not make him grow up to be a cold-blooded murderer,but the total impact of witnessing repeated acts of violence may slowly causeour society to become more and more aggressive until there are too many killingsto list on the news and watching one while you walk down the street is a commonoccurrence. We will never actually be able to tell what the ultimate impact ofviolence on television is until it actually happens, but will that be too latefor us to recover from it? 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Creation EssayMusic and Movies

Light In The Darkness By James Conrad Essays - Congo Free State

Light In The Darkness By James Conrad Author James Conrad, in his short story "Heart of Darkness," uses light in an attempt to symbolize the civilization of the European world and those things which, by appearances, are generally accepted as "good." To emphasize the acceptability of good or light, it is often contrasted to the symbolization of darkness, which Conrad shows as uncivilized, savage or bad. Conrad uses the character's reactions to light, bright or otherwise colorful things and events to encourage the reader to concur that these symbols represent the civilization he's left in Europe and the goodness of that civilization. The use of light as good is seen early in the story when the narrator comments on the setting sun. He says the "glowing white changed to a dull red without rays and without heat, as if about to go out suddenly, stricken to death by the touch of that gloom brooding over a crowd of men" (345). The narrator is comparing the light to life and the darkness to the gloom and death that follows. As Marlow begins recounting his arduous trip through the Congo, he reflects upon times past ? other rivers that, once uncivilized and dark, are now teeming with civilization and brightness. He states, "Light came out of this river since ? you say Knights?... But darkness was here yesterday" (346). Here, Marlow is referring to the Thames as at one time being uncivilized and dark, but since the time of the Knights' exploration and resulting development of the river's banks and surrounding land, is now referred to as good, or light. Marlow also refers to the light reflecting on the water. The reader gets a sense that Conrad is trying to relay that the passengers of the "Nellie" represent civilization for the voyages they undertake. Conrad later compares Marlow's boyhood idealism of adventure and spirit with light. He does this as Marlow is reminiscing about his childhood and says "[I would] lose myself in all the glories of exploration" (348). No longer a boy, Marlow discovers "a white patch for a boy to dream gloriously over""(348) has now been charted on the map and becomes "a place of darkness" (348). Conrad effectively symbolizes youthful innocence and adventurous spirit with lightness through this comparison of uncharted and charted maps. As Marlow seeks to take refuge from the heat in the shaded area at the Company's station, Conrad shows again the symbol of light as representing civilization. This time it is "a bit of white worsted" (356) tied about the neck of one of the dying criminals. The reader is left to think that the criminal may be coveting the civilization he assisted to create in the Congo, and thus giving his life to the cause, by wearing this representative whiteness. One of the most obvious representations of light as civilization and goodness is seen when Marlow first meets the Company's chief accountant. This man's clothes are immaculately clean and white. Marlow respects and admires him. The respect Marlow feels for the accountant is not one of respecting the man, so much as the accountant's ability to keep "up his appearance" (356) and thus his civilized manners in the midst of the uncivilized surroundings. Marlow justifies the ill treatment of this man's female worker for the purpose of keeping civilization at the forefront of the minds of those he serves and those served by him through his representative cleanliness and whiteness of his clothes. Conrad also employs the use of light as representative of civilization and goodness when Marlow meets the young man that left a stack of firewood down river from Kurtz's camp. Marlow describes the young man as wearing clothes covered with "bright" patches. He comments "the sunshine made him look extremely gay and wonderfully neat withal" (385). Marlow goes on to describe the man's physical characteristics and alluding to the civilized look and character this man carries even though he was living an uncivilized existence in the Congo for the past two years. It's ironic the goal resulting from the white men's conquering of the savages, and thus becoming savage-like themselves, is to secure ivory, an item held to be white and pure. Perhaps the most telling symbolization of light within the story is Kurtz's argument in his diary that whites "must necessarily appear to them [savages] in the nature of supernatural beings.... By the simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good practically unbounded" (383). This statement lays the basic principle for all other references to light